The first stage of the event was a public conference by personal invitation, attended by experts, journalists, and senior political figures. Organised by the Centre for Political and Foreign Affairs (CPFA), the session addressed the urgent risks of nuclear proliferation and the need to contain the nuclear arms race. The discussion was chaired by Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and moderated by Renaud Girard, columnist and foreign correspondent for Le Figaro. The panel included Bronisław Komorowski, former President of Poland; Jack Straw, former Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom; Yaşar Yakış, former Foreign Minister of Turkey; and Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, former Foreign Minister of Italy. Together, the five speakers examined the geopolitical dangers of nuclear escalation, the weaknesses of existing non-proliferation mechanisms, and the urgent need for international cooperation in addressing these challenges.